Cell-penetrating peptides
The process of introducing drugs into cells has always proved a major challenge for scientists.However, cell-permeable peptides (CPPs) have the ability to enter the plasma membrane of a cell independent of a membrane receptor. They are usually small peptides 10–30 residues in length with positively charged amino acid sequences. CPPs are capable of delivering biologically active cargo to the cell interior. The desired therapeutic cargo could be attached to a CPP and then delivered to an intracellular target, thereby overcoming the entry restrictions set by the plasma membrane. CPPs have gained a widespread popularity as very promising non-viral transmembrane delivery vectors. Although they have been used successfully for carrying different cargoes of varying size and nature (plasmid DNA, peptides, proteins, nanoparticles, and quantum dots, etc.), the most rapid progress has been made with the delivery of oligonucleotides (ONs).
DGpeptides Co., Ltd.has succeeded in synthesizing large amount of cell-permeable peptides and here are part of them below:
| Name | Cell-penetrating peptides | Name | Cell-penetrating peptides |
| 2 | DSLKSYWYLQKFSWR (Kondo et al. 2012) | MPG | GALFLGFLGAAGSTMGA cysteamide (Morris et al. 1997) |
| 18A | DWLKAFYDKVAEKLKEAF (Datta et al. 2000) | MPG | GALFLGFLGAAGSTMGASQPKKKRKV cycteamide (Deshayes et al. 2005) |
| α1H | KSKTEYYNAWAVWERNAP (Gomarasca et al. 2017) | MPG-8 | AFLGWLGAWGTMGWSPKKKRK (Crombez et al. 2009b) |
| α2H | GNGEQREMAVSRLRDCLDRQA (Gomarasca et al. 2017) | mRVG | YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTKSRGKRASNGGGRRRRRRRRR(Villa-Cedillo et al. 2017) |
| A22p | HTPGNSNKWKHLQENKKGRPRR (Shin et al. 2014) | MT23 | LPKQKRRQRRRM (Zhou et al. 2017) |
| Ac-18A-NH2 | DWLKAFYDKVAEKLKEAF) (Wimley and White 2000) | mtCPP1 | r-Dmt-OF (Cerrato et al. 2015) |
| aCPP | Typical sequence R9GPLGLAGE8 (Li et al 2015) | MTM | AAVALLPAVLLALLAP (Fletcher et al. 2010) |
| AdVpVI(33-55) | Ac-GAFSWGSLWSGIKNFGSTVKNYG (Murayama et al. 2016) | MTD84 | AVALVAVVAVA (Lim et al. 2014) |
| AIP6 | RLRWR (Wang et al. 2011) | MTP | MLSLRQSIRFFK (Chuah et al. 2015a, b) |
| all-d DsC18 | Glrkrlrkfrnkikek (Bergmann et al. 2017) | MTS | KGEGAAVLLPVLLAAPG (Zhao et al. 2001) |
| αgliadin(31-43) | LGQQQPFPPQQPY (Paolella et al. 2018) | MTS1 | AAVLLPVLLAAP (Rojas et al. 1998) |
| Alyteserin-2a | ILGKLLSTAAGLLSNL (Conlon et al. 2013) | Mut3DPT-C9h | VKKKKIKAEIKIYVETLDDIFEQWAHSEDL (de la Torre et al. 2017) |
| ANG | TFFYGGSRGKRNNFKTEEY (Demeule et al. 2008) | Myr-ApoE | Myr-LRKLRKRLLR (Tajik-Ahmadabad et al. 2017) |
| ApoE(141–150) | Ac-LRKLRKRLLRX-Bpg-G (Shabanpoor et al. 2017) | New modalities | Polycyclic, hairpin, stapled peptides for delivery (Valeur et al. 2017, Waldmann et al. 2017) |
| ApoE-derived | Ac-LRKLRKRLLR (Tailhades et al. 2017) | NF1 | Stearyl-AGY(PO3)LLGKTNLKALAALAKKIL (Arukuusk et al. 2013) |
| Arf(1-22) | MVRRFLVTLRIRRACGPPRVRV (Johansson et al. 2008) | NF51 | δ-(Stearyl-AGYLLG)OINLKALAALAKKIL (Arukuusk et al. 2013) |
| AT1002 | FCIGRL (Gopalakrishnan et al. 2009) | NF55 | δ-(Stearyl-AGYLLG)OINLKALAALAKAIL (Freimann et al. 2016) |
| AT1AR(304-318) | FLGKKFKKYFLQLLK (Östlund et al. 2005) | NLS | PKKKRKV (Yoneda et al. 1992). |
| Bac7 | RRIRPRPPRLPRPRPRPLPFPRPGPRPIPRPL (Sadler et al. 2002) | NLS-StAx-h | stapled RRWPRXILDXHVRRVWR (Dietrich et al. 2017) |
| BGPC7-FHV | RRRRNRTRRNRRRVR-RRFYGPV (Wongso et al. 2017) | NoLS | KKRTLRKNDRKKRC (Yao et al. 2015) |
| Bim | EIWIAQELRRIGDEFNAYYARLLC (Kim et al. 2017) | Novicidin | KNLRRIIRKGIHIIKKYF (Milosavljevic et al. 2016) |
| BP16 | KKLFKKILKKL (Soler et al. 2014) | NPFSD | VLTNENPFSDP (Gong et al. 2016) |
| BP100 | KKLFKKILKYL (Eggenberger et al. 2009) | NYAD-1 | stapled ITFEDLLDYYGP (Zhang et al. 2008) |
| BPP13a | GGWPRPGPEIPP (Sciani et al. 2017) | Oct4-PTD | DVVRVWFCNRRQKGKR (Adachi et al. 2017) |
| bPrPp(1-30) | MVKSKIGSWILVLFVAMWSDVGLCKKRPKP (Magzoub et al. 2006) | P007 | Ac-(RAhxR)4-Ahx-βAla (Greer et al. 2014) |
| BR2 | RAGLQFPVGRLLRRLLR (Lim et al. 2013) | P1 | LRRWSLG (Peng et al. 2017b) |
| Buforin II | TRSSRAGLQFPVGRVIIRLLRK (Park et al.1998) | P2 | WKRTLRRL (Peng et al. 2017b) |
| Buforin IIb | RAGLQFPVG[RLLR]3 (Lee et al. 2008) | P3 | YGRKKRRQR (Tan et al. 2006) |
| C6M1 | RLWRLLWRLWRRLWRLLR (Jafari et al. 2014) | P7 | RRMKWKK (Watson et al. 2017) |
| C105Y | CSIPPEVKFNKPFVYLI (Rhee and Davis 2006) | P11 | YGRKKRRQRRR (Zhao et al. 2011) |
| CADY | GLWRALWRLLRSLWRLLWRA cycteamide (Crombez et al. 2009a) | P11 | HSDVHK (Bang et al. 2011) |
| CAR | CARSKNKDC (Toba et al. 2014) | P11LRR | P11LRR (Li et al. 2010) |
| CA-Tat | KWKLFKKYGRKKRRQRRR (Lv et al. 2017) | P14LRR | (PLPRPR)4 (Brezden et al. 2016) |
| CB5005 M | KLKLALALALA (Zhang et al. 2016) | p18 | LSTAADMQGVVTDGMASG (Taylor et al. 2009) |
| CDB3 | REDEDEIEW (Issaeva et al. 2003) | P21 | KRKKKGKGLGKKRDPCLRKYK (Dixon et al. 2016) |
| CendR | RPARPAR (Hu et al. 2014) | P28 | LSTAADMQGVVTDGMASGLDKDYLKPDD, Leu50-Asp77 of azurin (Yamada et al. 2016) |
| cFΦR4 | cyclic FΦRRRRQ (Qian et al. 2014) | p28 | FLHSGTAVTCTYPALTPQWEGSDCTHRL (Signorelli et al. 2017) |
| CGKRK | CGKRK (Griffin et al. 2017) | p53 peptide MO6 | Stapled TSF*EYWYLL* (Chee et al. 2014) |
| CIGB-300 | cyclic CWMSPRHLGTC-Tat (Perera et al. 2012) | PAF26 | Ac-rkkwfw (Lopez-Garcia et al. 2002) |
| CIGB-552 | Ac-HARIKpTFRRlKWKYKGKFW (Fernandez Masso et al. 2013) | PAS | GKPILFF (Woldetsadik et al. 2017) |
| CLIP6 | KVRVRVRVpPTRVRERVK (Soudah et al. 2017) | pCLIP6 | KVRVRVRVpP(pT)RVRERVK (Chen et al. 2017b) |
| CooP | ACGLSGLGVA (Hyvonen et al. 2014) | pD-SP5 | riPRPSPKMGV(pS)VS (Chen et al. 2017b) |
| CpMTP | ARLLWLLRGLTLGTAPRRA (Jain and Chugh 2016) | PenetraMax | KWFKIQMQIRRWKNKR, L- and D- (Khafagy el et al. 2015) |
| CPNT | STSGTGKMTRAQRRAAARRNRA (Qi et al. 2011) | Penetratin | RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK (Derossi et al. 1994) |
| CPP1 | (KFF)3K (Patel et al. 2017) | Pep-1 | KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKKRKV cysteamide (Morris et al. 1997) |
| CPP33 | RLWMRWYSPRTRAYG (Lin et al. 2018) | pepM | KLFMALVAFLRFLTIPPTAGILKRWGTI (Freire et al. 2014) |
| CPP-C | PIEVCMYREP (Nakayama et al. 2011) | pepR | LKRWGTIKKSKAINVLRGFRKEIGRMLNILNRRRR (Freire et al. 2014) |
| CPPecp | NYRWRCKNQN (Fu et al. 2017) | Pept1 | PLILLRLLRGQF (Marks et al. 2011) |
| C-peptide | GPGLWERQAREHSERKKRRRESECKAA (Fan et al. 2016) | Peptide 599 | GLFEAIEGFIENGWEGMIDGWYGGGGRRRRRRRRRK(Alexander-Bryant et al. 2015) |
| CRGDK | CRGDK (Zhao et al. 2018) | Pep42 | Cyclic CTVALPGGYVRVC (Kim et al. 2006) |
| Crotamine | YKQCHKKGGHCFPKEKICLPPSSDFGKMDCRWRWKCCKKGSG(Rodrigues et al. 2012) | PepNeg | SGTQEEY (Neves-Coelho et al. 2017) |
| cSN50 | AAVALLPAVLLALLAPVQRKRQKLMP (Torgerson et al. 1998) | PepFect6 | Stearyl-AGYLLGK(εTMQ)INLKALAALAKKIL, PF6 (El-Andaloussi et al. 2011) |
| 65-2CTS | CPYVNQRPQKARYRNG (Percipalle et al. 2003) | PepFect14 | Stearyl- AGYLLGKLLOOLAAAALOOLL (Ezzat et al. 2011) |
| CWR8K | CWR8K (Sasaki et al. 2008) | PG1 | RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR (Liu et al. 2013b) |
| CyLoP-1 | CRWRWKCCKK (Ponnappan et al. 2017) | pHLIP | AEQNPIY-WARYADWLFTTPLLLLDLALLV-DADEGT (Andreev et al. 2010) |
| Cyt c(77–101) | GTKMIFVGIKKKEERADLIKKA (Howl and Jones 2015) | PHPs | H6-H10 peptides (Kimura et al. 2017) |
| DAG | cyclic CDAGRKQKC (Mann et al. 2017) | PIP1 | RXRRXRRXRIKILFQNRRMKWKK (Ivanova et al. 2008) |
| D-JNKI-1 | RPKRPTTLNLFPQVPRSQDT (Bonny et al. 2001) | Pip5e | RXRRBRRXRILFQYRXRBRXRB (Betts et al. 2012) |
| DK17 | DRQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK (Bera et al. 2016) | Pip6a | Ac-RXRRBRRXRYQFLIRXRBRXRB (Lehto et al. 2014) |
| DLP | ACKTGSHNQCG (Kumar et al. 2015) | POD | CGGG(ARKKAAKA)4 (Dasari et al. 2017) |
| DMBT1-derived | GRVEVLYRGSW and GRVRVLYRGSW (Tuttolomondo et al. 2017) | PR9 | FFLIPKG-R9 (Liu et al. 2013a) |
| dNP2 | KIKKVKKKGRK-KIKKVKKKGRK (Lim et al. 2015) | PTD | YARVRRRGPRRR (Dong et al. 2016) |
| DPV3 | RKKRRRESRKKRRRES (Tacken et al. 2008) | PTD3 | R9-ETWWETWWTEW (Kizaka-Kondoh et al. 2009) |
| DPV1047 | CVKRGLKLRHVRPRVTRMDV (De Coupade et al. 2005) | PTD4 | YARAAARQARA (McCusker et al. 2007) |
| DRTTLTN | DRTTLTN (Gennari et al. 2016) | Poly-Arg | Most popular R7 - R12 (Mitchell et al. 2000, Futaki, 2006) |
| DS4.3 | RIMRILRILKLAR (Jeong et al. 2014) | pVEC | LLIILRRRIRKQAHAHSK (Elmquist et al. 2001) |
| Dynorphin A | YGGFLRRIRPKLKWDNQ (Marinova et al. 2005) | Pyrrhocoricin | VDKGSYLPRPTPPRPIYNRN (Otvos et al. 2000) |
| EA | GLKKLAELAHKLLKLGC (Yang et al. 2014) | R4K1 | Stapled Ac-RRRRKS*LHRS*LQDS (Speltz et al. 2018) |
| EB1 | LIRLWSHLIHIWFQNRRLKWKKK (Lundberg et al. 2007) | R6dGR | R6dGR (Wang et al. 2017) |
| EF | GLKKLAELFHKLLKLGC (Yang et al. 2014) | R8 | R8 (Wender et al. 2001) |
| EHB | RCSHYTGIRCSHMAATTAGIYTGIRCQHVVL-C6H (Cao et al. 2018) | R8-dGR | R8dGR (Liu et al. 2016b) |
| EPRNEEK | EPRNEEK (Orihuela et al. 2009) | R9-H4A2 | Ac-YR9-HAHAHH (Okitsu et al. 2017) |
| F3** | diphosphorylated dipeptide (Miao et al. 2016) | R6W3 | R6W3 (Bechara et al. 2013) |
| G4R9L4 | G4R9L4 (Ramakrishna et al. 2014) | R10W6 | R10W6 (Bechara et al. 2013) |
| GALA | WEAALAEALAEALAEHLAEALAEALEALAA (Li et al. 2004) | RA9 | RRAARRARR (Alhakamy et al. 2013) |
| GeT | KIAKLKAKIQKLKQKIAKLK (Rakowska et al. 2014) | RALA | WEARLARALARALARHLARALARALRACEA (McCarthy et al. 2014) |
| gH625 | HGLASTLTRWAHYNALIRAF (Galdiero et al. 2015) | RDP | CKSVRTWNEI IPSKGCLRVG GRCHPHVNGG GRRRRRRRRC(Xiao et al. 2017) |
| Gi3α(346-355) | KNNLKECGLY (Jones et al. 2005) | REDV | REDV (Yang et al. 2016) |
| Glu-Lys | EEEAAKKK (Lewis et al. 2010) | RF | GLKKLARLFHKLLKLGC (Yang et al. 2014) |
| GV1001 | EARPALLTSRLRFIPK (Kim et al. 2016a) | cRGDfC | Cyclic RGDfC (Wada et al. 2017) |
| GWH1 | GYNYAKKLANLAKKFANALW (Serna et al. 2017) | iRGD | Cyclic CRGDKGPDC (Peng and Kopecek, 2015) |
| H2A derived | SGRGKQGGKARAKAKTRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRKG(Rosenbluh et al. 2004) | RGE | RGERPPR (Yu et al. 2017) |
| H6R6 | H6R6 (Sun et al. 2017) | RH9 | RRHHRRHRR (Alhakamy et al. 2013) |
| H16 | H16 (Iwasaki et al. 2015) | RL9 | RRLLRRLRR (Alhakamy et al. 2013) |
| HA2(1-23) | GLFGAIAGFIENGWEGMIDGWYG (Esbjörner et al. 2007) | RL16 | RRLRRLLRRLLRRLRR (Joanne et al. 2009) |
| HAIYPRH | HAIYPRH (Shteinfer-Kuzmine et al. 2017) | RT53 | RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKAKLNAEKLKDFKIRLQYFARGLQVYIRQLRLALQGKT (Jagot-Lacoussiere et al. 2016) |
| hBD3-3 | GKCSTRGRKCCRRKK (Lee et al. 2015b) | RTP004 | RKKRRQRRRG-K15-GRKKRRQRRR) (Lee et al. 2015a) |
| HBP | GKRKKKGKGLGKKRDPCLRKYK (Luo et al. 2016) | RV24 | RRRRRRRRRGPGVTWTPQAWFQWV (Lo and Wang, 2012) |
| hLF | KCFQWQRNMRKVRGPPVSCIKR (Duchardt et al. 2009) | RVG | YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTNSRGKRASNG (Kumar et al. 2007) |
| Hph-1 | YARVRRRGPRR (Jung et al. 2011) | RVG-9R | YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTNSRGKRASNGGGGRRRRRRRRR(Rassu et al. 2017) |
| HR9 | CH5-R9-H5C (Liu et al. 2013a) | RVG29 | YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTNSRGKRASNGGGGRRRRRRRRR(Villa-Cedillo et al. 2017) |
| Hst5 | DSHAKRHHGYKRKFHEKHHSHRGY (Luque-Ortega et al. 2008) | RW9 | RRWWRRWRR (Alhakamy et al. 2013) |
| I1WL5W | WKKIWSKIKKLLK (Bi et al. 2014) | RW16 | RRWRRWWRRWWRRWRR (Jobin et al. 2013) |
| I4WL5W | IKKWWSKIKKLLK (Bi et al. 2014) | (RXR)4 | (R-Ahx-R)4 (Saleh et al. 2010) |
| ID No.2 | MAAWMRSLFSPLKKLWIRMH (Eudes and Macmillan 2014) | (rXr)4 | (r-Ahx-r)4 (Vij et al. 2016b) |
| IMT-P8 | RRWRRWNRFNRRRCR (Gautam et al. 2016) | S155 | VKKKKIKREI-KIAAQRYGRELRRMADEFHV (Haidar et al. 2017) |
| INF | GLFEAIEGFIENGWEGMIDGWYGC (Pichon et al. 1997) | S4(13)-PV | ALWKTLLKKVLKAPKKKRKV (Mano et al. 2007) |
| iNGR | CRNGRGPDC (Alberici et al. 2013) | SAP | VRLPPPVRLPPPVRLPPP (Pujals et al. 2006) |
| isl-1 | RVIRVWFQNKRCKDKK (Kilk et al. 2001) | SAP(E) | VELPPPVELPPPVELPPP (Martin et al. 2011) |
| JB9 | cskc (Basu and Wickstrom, 1997) | all-D-SAP | (vrlppp)3 (Pujals et al. 2007) |
| JB434 | R9GGLAA-Aib-SGWKH6 (Sangtani et al. 2018) | SAPSp-lipo | stearyl-GGGGHGAHEHAGHEHAAGEHHAHE (Suzuki et al. 2017) |
| KAFAK | KAFAKLAARLYRKALARQLGVAA (Bartlett et al. 2013) | SAR6EW | SAR6EW (Im et al. 2017) |
| KALA | WEAKLAKALAKALAKHLAKALAKALKACEA (Wyman et al. 1997) | sC18 | GLRKRLRKFRNKIKEK (Oren et al. 1999) |
| Kalata B1 | polycyclic CGETCVGGTCNTPGCTCSWPVCTRNGLPV (Daly et al. 1999) | (sC18)2 | (GLRKRLRKFRNKIKEK)2 (Gronewold et al. 2017) |
| (KFF)3K | (KFF)3K (Rownicki et al. 2017) | SMTP motif, | LRLLR (Fuselier and Wimley, 2017) |
| K-FGF | AAVLLPVLLAAP (Lin et al. 1995) | SPACE | Cyclic ACTGSTQHQCG (Hsu and Mitragotri, 2011) |
| KH | (KH)9 (Chuah et al. 2016) | SRCRP2-11 | GRVEVLYRGSW (Tuttolomondo et al. 2017) |
| KLA | KLAKLAKKLAKLAK (Huang et al. 2017) | STR-KV | H3K3V6 (Pan et al. 2016) |
| KLAK | KLALKLALKALKAALKLA (Oehlke et al. 1998) | SS-02 | Dmt-r-FK (Alta et al. 2017) |
| KLA-R7 | KLAKLAKKLAKLAKGGRRRRRRR (Lemeshko, 2013) | SS-20 | F-r-FK (Alta et al. 2017) |
| KP | MAPTKRKGSCPGAAPNKKP (Villa-Cedillo et al. 2017) | SS-31 | r-Dmt-KF (Zhao et al. 2005) |
| KST peptide | STGKANKITITNDKGRLSK (Adachi et al. 2017) | SynB1 | RGGRLSYSRRRFSTSTGR (Rousselle et al. 2000) |
| L1−6 | PLILLRLLR (Schmidt et al. 2017) | T2 | LVGVFH (Kumar et al. 2012) |
| L5a | RRWQW (Liu et al. 2016a) | Tat(49-57) | RKKRRQRRR (Vives et al. 1997a) |
| L17E | IWLTALKFLGKHAAKHEAKQQLSKL (Akishiba et al. 2017) | Tat(48-60) | GRKKRRQRRRPPQ (Vives et al. 1997b) |
| lactoferrampin(265- 284) | DLIWKLLSKAQEKFGKNKSR (Reyes-Cortes et al. 2017) | Tat(44-57) | CGISYGRKKRRQRRR (Niesner et al. 2002) |
| lactoferricin(17-30) | FKCRRWQWRMKKLG (Reyes-Cortes et al. 2017) | Tat(37-72) | CFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRPPQGSQT-HQVSLSKQ (Fawell et al. 1994) |
| lactoferrin(19-40) | KCFMWQEMLNKAGVPKLRCARK (Duchardt et al. 2009) | Tat analog | GRKKRRQR (Nguyen et al. 2008) |
| LAH1 | KKLALALALALHALALALALKKA (Moulay et al. 2017) | Tat-LK15 | Tat-KLLKLLLKLLLKLLK (Peng et al. 2017a) |
| LALF(31-52) | HYRIKPTFRRLKWKYKGKFW (Yanez et al. 2017) | TCTP | MIIFRALISHKK (Bae et al. 2016) |
| LB | FKCRRWQWRMKKLGAPSITCVRRAF) (Liu et al. 2013b) | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG (Chen et al. 2006) |
| L-CPP | LAGRRRRRRRRRK (Liu et al. 2006) | TD2.2 | SYWYRIVLSRTGRNGRLRVGRERPVLGESP (Heffernan et al. 2012) |
| LDP-NLS | KWRRKLKKLRPKKKRKV (Ponnappan and Chugh, 2017) | TH peptide | GYLLGHINLHHLAHL-Aib-HHIL (Chen et al. 2017a) |
| LE10 | LELELELELELELELELELE (Antunes et al. 2013) | TM2 | PKKGSKKAVTKAQKKDGA (Kochurani et al. 2015) |
| LF chimera | FKCRRWQWRMKKLG-K-RSKNKGFKEQAKSLLKWILD(Reyes-Cortes et al. 2017) | Transportan | GWTLNSAGYLLGKINLKALAALAKKIL, TP (Pooga et al. 1998) |
| linTT1 | AKRGARSTA (Hunt et al. 2017) | TP10 | AGYLLGKINLKALAALAKKIL (Soomets et al. 2000) |
| LK | LKKLLKLLKKLLKLAG (Kim et al. 2016b) | TPk | VRRFkWWWkFLRR (Bahnsen et al. 2015) |
| LL37 | LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES (Kim et al. 2016b) | Tpl | KWCFRVCYRGICYRRCRGK (Jain et al. 2015) |
| LLIIL | LLIIL (Alaybeyoglu et al. 2017) | TPP | TKDNNLLGRFELSG (Gehrmann et al. 2014) |
| LMWP | VSRRRRRRGGRRRR (Chen et al. 2017d) | TT1 | CKRGARSTA (Paasonen et al. 2016) |
| LP-12 | HIITDPNMAEYL (Kumar et al. 2015) | vAMP 059 | INWKKWWQVFYTVV (Dias et al. 2017) |
| LPAs | RCnRCnK (Gupta et al. 2011) | vCPP 0769 | RRLTLRQLLGLGSRRRRRSR (Dias et al. 2017) |
| LTV | LTVSPWY (Chopra 2012) | vCPP 2319 | WRRRYRRWRRRRRWRRRPRR (Dias et al. 2017) |
| lycosin-I | RKGWFKAMKSIAKFIAKEKLKEHL (Tan et al. 2017) | VDAC(1-26) | MAVPPTYADLGKSARDVFTKGYGFGL (Smilansky et al. 2015) |
| Lyp1 | CGNKRTRGC (Fogal et al. 2008) | VP22 | NAATATRGRSAASRPTQRPRAPARSASRPRRPVQ (Elliott and O'Hare, 1997) |
| M918 | MVTVLFRRLRIRRACGPPRVRV (El-Andaloussi et al. 2007) | V peptide | TVDNPASTTNKDKLFAVRK (Manosroi et al. 2014) |
| Maurocalcine | GDCLPHLKLCKENKGCCSKKCKRRGTNIEKRCR (Poillot et al. 2010) | VT5 | DPKGDPKGVTVTVTVTVTGKGDPKPD (Oehlke et al. 1997) |
| MAP | KLALKLALKALKAALKLA (Oehlke et al. 1998) | W(RW)4 | W(RW)4 (Nasrolahi Shirazi et al. 2013) |
| MAP12 | LKTLTETLKELTKTLTEL (Oehlke et al. 2002) | Xentry | LCLR (Montrose et al. 2014) |
| MCoTI-I | polycyclic SGSDGGVCPKILQRCRRDSDCPGACICRGNGYCG(Camarero, 2017) | X-pep | MAARLC (Adachi et al. 2017) |
| MCoTI-II | polycyclic CPKILKKCRRDSDCPGACICRGNGYCGSGSDGGV(Huang et al. 2015) | YKA | YKALRISRKLAK (Desai et al. 2014) |
| MFK | MFKLRAKIKVRLRAKIKL (Samuels et al. 2017) | YTA2 | YTAIAWVKAFIRKLRK (Lindgren et al. 2006) |
| Mgpe9 | CRRLRHLRHHYRRRWHRFRC (Vij et al. 2016a) | YTA4 | IAWVKAFIRKLRKGPLG (Lindgren et al. 2006) |
| MitP | INLKKLAKL(Aib)KKIL (Howl et al. 2018) | Z2 | FWIGGFIKKLKRSKLA (Chen et al. 2017c) |
| m(KLA)-iRGD | klaklakklakla-K-GG-iRGD (Qifan et al. 2016) | Z3 | FKIKKFIGGLWRSKLA (Chen et al. 2017c) |
| MMGP1 | MLWSASMRIFASAFSTRGLGTRMLMYCSLPSRCWRK(Pushpanathan et al. 2013) | Z12 | KRYKNRVASRKCRAKFKQLLQHYREVAAAKSSENDRLRLLLK(Derouazi et al. 2015) |
| MPER fragment | ELDKWASLWNWFDITNWLWYIK (Song et al. 2009) | ZXR-1 | FKIGGFIKKLWRSKLA (Chen et al. 2017c) |
Note:
Ac=acetyl;
Ahx or X=aminohexanoic acid;
Aib=aminoisobutyric acid;
B=β-alanine;
Bpg=bishomopropargylglycine;
Dmt=dimethyltyrosine;
O=ornithine; pT=phosphoryl-Thr;
pS=phosphoryl-Ser;
Φ=l-2-naphthylalanine;
ri=retro-inverso;
*=staple tethering site
Prev：Fluorescent Labeling
Next：Disulfide Bridges
